"The Natural Calculator" - Contents

INTRODUCTION

1 ON THE FLAG calculating from left to right
2 PROPORTIONATELY multiplication devices involving doubling and halving
3 BY ONE MORE THAN THE ONE BEFORE squaring numbers that end in 5; a special type of multiplication
4 THE FIRST BY THE FIRST AND THE LAST BY THE LAST calculating checks; a special type of multiplication
5 ALL FROM 9 AND THE LAST FROM 10 numbers near a base; subtraction; numbers near different bases; multiplying three numbers simultaneously; squaring numbers near a base; multiplication by 9's; addition and subtraction
6 VERTICALLY AND CROSSWISE general multiplication: multiplying 2-figure numbers, 3-figure numbers, moving multiplier method, 3 and 4-figure multiplication; general squaring; division- divisor near a base; general division
7 USING THE AVERAGE products using an average
8 BY ADDITION AND BY SUBTRACTION squares from squares; products from products
9 BY MERE OBSERVATION use of special numbers
PROOFS
REFERENCES
ANSWERS

"The Natural Calculator" - Back Cover

Vedic Mathematics was rediscovered from ancient Sanskrit texts earlier this century by Bharati Krsna Tirthaji (1884-1960). He found that all problems in pure and applied mathematics can be solved easily with the aid of sixteen simple Sutras, or word-formulae: for example All From 9 and the Last From 10 or Vertically and Crosswise. This may sound incredible but the Vedic system offers a very different approach to mathematics that is both powerful and fun.
The Vedic system is so easy it is really a system of mental mathematics. It has a coherence and beauty that make it very attractive and some of the methods are truly amazing in their efficiency and simplicity. Many schools now teach Vedic Mathematics and a common response from children is: "Why were we not shown this before?".
The Natural Calculator introduces this system; dealing with mental mathematics it covers various types of multiplication, addition, subtraction and division.